MIYINGO Ivan, MPhil, B. Pharm, MPS. THPs (Traditional Health Practitioners) are community-based healers who use indigenous knowledge, spiritual beliefs, and local herbs to treat physical, mental, and spiritual illnesses, often serving as a primary source of healthcare in African cultures. THPs view spirit possession through three lenses: ancestral callings (demanding a cultural role), spiritual illness (causing distress), and malicious witchcraft/demons. Treatment aims to restore communal harmony, cure the person, or appease the ancestor. Spirit possession as a concept that the spirit impersonates or possesses human being in which a person’s behaviour is thought to be controlled by a humanlike being that has entered a person’s body. When a person rejects their calling from their ancestors, the ancestors visit the person, who then presents unfamiliar behavior like talking, laughing, crying, outbursts, anger, and dancing alone. Some spirit-possessed persons experience dreams or visions t...